It has been documented that ATP7A, ATP7B and CTR1 transport platinum–based antitumor agents, and down-regulation of CTR1 and upregulation of copper ATPases is linked with tumor resistance to chemotherapy (Holzer et al. 2004, Katano et al. 2004, Samimi et al. 2004). This evidence concerns the gene SLC31A1 and neoplasm.