INS and neurodegenerative disease: Indeed, Armet has recently been suggested to facilitate the formation of cysteine bridges and protein folding in the ER during neurodegenerative diseases (33), while a C96Y mutation in insulin leads to the disruption of intramolecular disulphide bonds (46), and the expression of this mutation in pancreatic cell lines leads to induction of Armet and Creld2 along with various PDIAs (47).