HP and neoplasm: Although there are no reports regarding the anti-tumor or anti-leukemic dose of FZD used in humans, we consider that the IC50 values of 10–20 μM (equal to 2.2–4.5 μg/ml) in our studies should be achievable because the range is comparable to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for treating Hp, which is more than 4 μg/ml [15].