Finally, HCC was ranked the second highest in the IPA-Tox (an IPA tool that matches gene expression changes to biological mechanisms related to toxicology) network functions (Table 1 C), with 9 genes overexpressed in Iqgap2−/− liver tumors directly linked to human HCC (Afp, Ect2, Icam1, Nqo1, Pdgfc, Pnpla3, Socs3, Tuba8 and Ube2c), thus verifying the identity of Iqgap2−/− hepatic tumors. Here, ECT2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.