While a PAI-1 mediated delay in collagen breakdown is a primary contributor to the attenuated muscle regeneration in TA muscles of Akita mice [2], we speculated that resilience of the soleus to the impaired regeneration in T1DM was the result of this muscle’s intrinsically greater inducible expression of MMP-9 [40]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.