TGFB3 and myocardial disorder: In a different study, authors identified the transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) gene as being involved in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a progressive and genetically determined myocardial disease, due to a G to A transition in the TGFβ3 5′ leader sequence, which leads to an arginine to histidine substitution at codon 36 of a uORF with 88 codons; it has been experimentally proven that this change causes an increase in the TGFβ3 protein levels [114] (Table 1).