Modular analysis, which takes into account all genes differentially expressed against controls, verified that TB and active sarcoidosis showed significant overexpression of the IFN modules compared to the other pulmonary disease groups (Figure 4A; Training Set; Figure S7, Test Set), whereas pneumonia and cancer patients showed significant overexpression of the inflammation modules (Figure 2). Here, IFNA1 is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.