Although IFNγ has been shown to be crucial in controlling mycobacterial infection [24], type 1 IFN, induced by extracellular mycobacterial DNA activation of cytosolic receptors [25], or peptidoglycan activation of the NOD2/IRF5 pathway by [26], may exacerbate TB [27], [4], [10], [28]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.