Such an idea is supported by our study results showing a correlation between PRAME expression level and PRAME antigen-specific killing of AML cells by CTLs in vitro, as well as by a few studies reporting increased PRAME specific CTL killing of malignant cells after DNA demethylation induced PRAME expression in vitro, and more importantly, increased MAGE-A1 specific CTL response in AML and MDS patients following combined treatment with VPA and AZA [8], [10], [12], [25]. Here, MAGEA1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.