TGFβ1 is a ubiquitously expressed master switch that induces the fibrotic program in various cell types including cardiac fibroblasts and has been implicated in multiple fibroproliferative diseases including: glomerulosclerosis, ulcerative colitis, hepatic fibrosis, glaucoma, and scleroderma [33]–[37]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and ulcerative colitis.