CCR5 and AIDS: Because extensive data has demonstrated that variations in the non-coding regions (e.g. promoters) of CCR5 also associate with variable HIV-AIDS susceptibility [8]–[14] and since CCR5 may influence pathogenesis of HCV infection [6], [15]–[24], here, we determined the associations between polymorphisms in CCR5 and HCV and/or HIV serostatus in this IDU study population from Estonia.