Kohno et al (8) also showed that a neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibody effectively weakened the inflammatory reaction following experimental myocardial infarction, which caused a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and macrophage cell count on day 3 in the infarct region, evident thinning and expansion of the ventricular wall in the infarct area and hypertrophy in the non-infarct area, as well as severe left ventricular remodeling. Here, HMGB1 is linked to hypertrophy.