After 52 weeks of CHF treatment, patients showed a significant increase in the mean levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-2 compared to the levels of these cytokines determined prior to treatment (25.51 ± 12.28 versus 17.34 ± 13.63, P = 0.0000; 175.69 ± 99.69 versus 106.70 ± 69.11, P = 0.0000, resp). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is congestive heart failure.