Since abnormalities of the NF-κB signal transduction pathway and phosphorylation of IκBα in several autoimmune diseases are observed, analysis of the gene and protein expression profiles of SS monocytes has been carried out by Lisi et al. Their findings clearly demonstrate changes in the levels of IκBα in SS monocytes, suggesting that the attenuated expression of IκBα could contribute to the deregulation of NF-κB pathways in the SS pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKBIA and autoimmune disease.