The cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 (a member of the IL-1 family) have been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of type 2 cytokine production [36], [37], [38], to be produced rapidly following helminth infection, and to promote protective immunity against Trichuris muris[39], Nippostrongylus brasilienis[40] and Hp [41]. The gene discussed is IL25; the disease is helminthiasis.