To test whether viperin expression mediated by HCMV infection is required for AMPK activation, immortalized human fibroblasts (HFtelo), expressing either no shRNA (wild type), luciferase-specific (Luc) shRNA (control), or two different viperin shRNAs (viperin knockdown), were infected as previously described (Figure S1A) [24]. Here, RSAD2 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.