It induces microglia to secrete TNF-α, IL-6 [69], and ROS and activate in microglia proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a G protein-coupled receptors widely expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia that are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia and neurodegeneration [70], because it induces widespread inflammation [71–73]. Here, F2RL1 is linked to ischemia.