MEN1 and pituitary tumor: The current guidelines recommend that MEN1 mutational analysis should be undertaken in: (1) an index case with two or more MEN1-associated endocrine tumors (i.e. parathyroid, pancreatic or pituitary tumors); (2) asymptomatic first degree relatives of a known MEN1 mutation carrier; (3) a first-degree relative of a MEN1 mutation carrier expressing familial MEN1 (i.e. having symptoms, signs, biochemical or radiological evidence for one or more MEN1-associated tumors) (Thakker et al., 2012).