Univariate log-rank analysis identified the following factors as adverse influences on the OS rate of the 78 MF-CCA patients who had undergone hepatectomy: presence of symptoms, high preoperative alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen levels, tumour size >5 cm, high COX-2 expression, and positive surgical margin status (Table S2 in File S1). Here, PTGS2 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.