Our results are also not consistent with previous candidate-gene association studies reporting significant associations between CLOCK genetic variation and obesity [15]–[17]/metabolic syndrome [18], PER2 genetic variation and obesity [19]/fasting plasma glucose [20], and BMAL1 genetic variation and type 2 diabetes/hypertension [21]. This evidence concerns the gene PER2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.