Plasma concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1-β (pg/mL) (ssu vs. ssn median(IQR): 0.34 (1.28) vs. 0 (0.08); p = 0.0178), but not TNF-α (pg/mL) (1.99 (4.3) vs. 0.97 (3.38) was significantly greater in subjects with ulcers. Here, TNF is linked to ulcer disease.