WIF1 and urinary bladder cancer: In addition, it has been shown that WIF1 functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, stomach, brest, and lung cancers (Clément et al. 2008; Chan et al. 2007; Taniguchi et al. 2005; Lin et al. 2007, 2008; Kim et al. 2007; Wissmann et al. 2003), and overexpression of WIF1 inhibites the growth of cells from lung and bladder cancers (Tang et al. 2009).