Following injection of PCa cells into the mouse femur, profound pathological sprouting of CGRP+ and neurofilament 200 kDa (NF200)+ sensory nerve fibres and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres are induced (Jimenez-Andrade et al. 2010a) in close proximity to colonies of PCa cells, tumour-associated stromal cells and newly formed woven bone, which together form osteosclerotic lesions (Jimenez-Andrade et al. 2010a). The gene discussed is TH; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.