NGF and neoplasm: In further support of this notion, preventive or late administration of an anti-NGF antibody to mice with PCa cell-induced tumours in the femur significantly attenuated PCIBP by blocking tumour-induced ectopic nerve fibre sprouting and neuroma formation in the bone periosteum (Jimenez-Andrade et al. 2011; Halvorson et al. 2005).