NGF and prostate cancer: Thus, prostaglandins, endothelins, bradykinin, colony-stimulating factors, TNF-α, TGF-β, PDGF, IL-1, nerve growth factor (NGF) and IL-6 are components of a ‘pro-inflammatory soup’ that sensitize nociceptors in prostate cancer-induced bone pain (Fig. 4) (Mantyh 2006; Schmidt et al. 2010).