Interestingly, IFN-γ treatment in IPF has failed to show a benefit [52], and there was a suggestion of worse pulmonary outcomes in a study investigating treatment of SSc patients with IFN-α compared with placebo [53], with the latter providing indirect support for IFN-related mechanisms involved in organ-specific SSc complications. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.