Protein levels for six differentially expressed genes, fibrosis related genes; connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and interferon stimulated genes (ISG); signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), IFITM1-3 (all three isoforms are detected by this antibody), ISG15 and IRF-1, were determined by western blot analysis in independent preparations of additional SSc-ILD, IPF, and control fibroblasts (Figure 3). Here, IRF1 is linked to interstitial lung disease.