Looi KS et al. (2008) applied a proteomic approach (two-dimension gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) to immune-screen sera from patients with HCC and pre-HCC conditions such as liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis as well as sera from normal individuals, and identified 28 HCC-associated tumor antigens, such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) [30]. Here, HSPD1 is linked to neoplasm.