However, Boden et al. found that troglitazone and other TZDs, upregulated gene expression and synthesis of proteins involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in subcutaneous fat [39], and Mensink et al. demonstrated that rosiglitazone increased PGC1α gene expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [40]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus.