In this study, we investigated the effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on pneumonia risk among the general population of Taiwan, a population susceptible to ACE-inhibitor induced cough.17,18 In addition, we compared the effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on pneumonia risk and tested the effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on pneumonia risk among patients with different underlying illnesses. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is pneumonia.