Enhanced NHE-1 activity as a possible mechanism involved in cardiac hypertrophy and failure has been reported in the hypertrophic myocardium of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [60], in human ventricular myocytes from hearts with chronic end-stage heart failure [61], in a pressure-volume overload model of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in rabbits [62], in the hypertrophied heart of a type 2 diabetic rat model [63] and in neonatal rats [64]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC9A1 and cardiac hypertrophy.