Further evidence that TLR7 and human TLR8 cannot discriminate between self and pathogen RNA on the basis of structural differences stems from findings that implicate a central role for the recognition of self RNA in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjörgen's syndrome and others (Theofilopoulos et al., 2011). The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.