Indeed, a significant 18% increase in serum PON1 activity was monitored in healthy subjects after PJ consumption for a period of 2 weeks.18 In CAS patients, serum PON1 arylesterase activity significantly increased by 11%, 42%, 49%, and 83% after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of PJ consumption, respectively (Figure 2C),12 and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus it significantly increased by 12% after PJ consumption for 3 months (Figure 2D).19 This evidence concerns the gene PON1 and diabetes mellitus.