In a meta-analysis that stratified all published studies according to those conducted within PSA-screened populations (the vast majority of cancers that are PSA-screen detected are occult latent cancers) and those studies that involved routine clinically presenting cases: the association with IGF-I remained for the clinically detected cancers but no association with IGF-I was observed in the PSA-screened populations [181]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.