NPC causes dementia in children and adults born with an autosomal recessive mutation in either of two genes, NPC1 or NPC2. NPC, which is informally referred to as ‘childhood Alzheimer’s’, shares several mechanistic and biomarker similarities with AD (Reddy et al., 2006; Cologna et al., 2012). The gene discussed is NPC2; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.