Hinkle et al. [39] was the first to show that DJ-1 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was strong in GBMs, while Miyajima et al. [40] conducted the leading study which confirmed that DJ-1 is localized in the cytoplasm in addition to the nucleus of tumor cells of astrocytomas and that the nuclear DJ-1 was inversely correlated with WHO grading. This evidence concerns the gene PARK7 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).