The chemokine CXCL12, while being able to direct homing of MM cells to the BM, has also been shown to exhibit proliferation-inducing effects on MM cells.[7] The intercommunication between MM cells, SCs, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts through factors such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, dickkopf-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 3 (IL-3) have been demonstrated to influence bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts thus leading to osteolytic bone lesions often seen in this disease. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is Miyoshi myopathy.