Pretreatment with low-dose RFA not only makes the tumor a better target for CTL-mediated and, potentially, TRAIL-mediated immune attack (Figs. 3 and 4), but may also alter the tumor to become an in situ vaccine prime through HSP70 immune stimulation and initiation of significant CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell cascade immune responses to several TAAs not encoded by the vaccine. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.