CD8A and carcinoma: This indicates that the energy gradient delivered by RFA differentially modulates specific elements of tumor phenotype based on the dose of thermal stress delivered to each carcinoma cell, rendering the tumor more immune-sensitive in the absence of tumor eradication, and resulting in generation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to a variety of TAAs, a finding supported by accumulating clinical evidence [4], [5], [6].