Although ICAM-1 expression was not modulated following hyperthermia in vitro (Table 1), it was significantly upregulated after exposure to both ultra low (7 s, Fig. 3) and low (30 s, Fig. 4) doses of RFA in vivo, which suggests a role for the tumor microenvironment in ICAM-1 regulation, in agreement with other reports [58]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to neoplasm.