In addition, a transcriptome study in primary dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson’s disease patients brains identified AKT, FOXO, and mTOR signaling as playing a central role in modulating the transcriptional effects of apparent upstream mitochondrial RC dysfunction [71], with reported direction of alterations in that study showing direct concordance to our findings in human RC fibroblast cell lines. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Parkinson disease.