DDB1 and Cockayne syndrome type 1: These pathways differ in the initial steps of DNA damage recognition: GG-NER is mediated by the damage-specific DNA binding proteins (DDB1/2) to recognize the lesions that occur throughout the genome, whereas TC-NER is initiated mainly by stalling of RNA Pol II at damage sites in actively transcribing genes, which recruits CSA (Cockayne syndrome A), and CSB (Cockayne syndrome B) [32], [33], [35], [36].