TF and neoplasm: Thus, by exposing TF and PS on their outer membrane, tumour cells can function as binding surfaces for different proteins of the coagulation cascade (i.e., factors VIIa, VIIIa, IXa, Xa and Va) [25,26] and promote the subsequent assembly of the prothrombinase and tenase complexes, leading to the generation of fibrin in the extravascular environment (Figure 1).