However, various studies have demonstrated the importance of the participation of specific procoagulant properties of tumour cells, including the expression of TF (tissue factor), the central trigger of the coagulation cascade; the surface exposure of the phospholipid PS (phosphatidylserine), which provides a negatively charged surface required for the assembly of some catalytic active coagulation complexes; and the shedding of circulating procoagulant MVs (microvesicles). The gene discussed is F3; the disease is neoplasm.