In these studies, IL-1ß, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-7, GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor), IL-10 along with several other cytokines have been found to be elevated in patients with DHF when compared to dengue fever (DF) [6-10]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is dengue disease.