IFNG and infection: In contrast to anti-inflammatory therapies, pro-inflammatory cytokines are used therapeutically in the treatment of various infections and immune disorders (e.g., IFN-α in hepatitis and IFN-γ in chronic granulomatous disease), and yet the known effects of these agents on the survival, cycling status, differentiation, and repopulating ability of HSCs in mouse studies suggest that the long-term effects of such therapies on the bone marrow warrants further study.