In their study, they identified the TLR signaling pathway mediators TIRAP and TRAF6 as respective targets of these non-coding RNAs, and showed that knockdown of miR-145 and miR-146a together or enforced expression of TRAF6 in murine HSCs led to an MDS-like phenotype consisting of thrombocytosis, neutropenia, and megakaryocytic dysplasia. This evidence concerns the gene TRAF6 and myelodysplastic syndrome.