On examining the serum cytokine levels in hip fracture patients, there were significant differences in serum IL6 levels between the three groups (Tables 2 and 3), such that a significant increase in serum IL6 levels was observed in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with non-depressed hip fracture patients (p = .001), and to healthy controls (p =.02) (Fig. 4a). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and hip fracture.