IL-1β was found to be up-regulated in dermal lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica and decreased after therapy [103], IL-1 was also found to regulate visceral manifestation of murine leishmaniasis after infection with L. major[67], and polymorphism in IL1B was linked with disease severity in patients infected with L. mexicana[10]. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.