Recently we demonstrated that TLR4 and MyD88 were increased in brainstem of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure, and that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker prevented LV remodeling with sympathoinhibiton and reduction of TLR4 in brainstem [10]. Here, TLR4 is linked to heart failure.