Based on our GWAS data in ethnic Chinese subjects [24], we comprehensively evaluated associations between genetic variants in the EGFR pathway and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer (GC) in 1942 ESCC cases, 1758 GC cases (1126 cases of gastric cardia cancer (GCA) and 632 of gastric noncardia cancer (GNCA)), and 2111 controls living in the Taihang Mountain region of China, an area with a high risk of ESCC and GC. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.