Consistent with the antibody array results, Mann-Whitney U test showed that serum samples from HCC patients (n = 126) had significantly higher levels of MCP-1 (median = 0.67 ng/ml; interquartile range, IQR, 0.37–1.14 ng/ml) and prolactin (median = 66.54 ng/ml; IQR, 41.79–98.32 ng/ml) compared to the NC group (n = 115) that had median values of 0.30 ng/ml (IQR, 0.24–0.37 ng/ml; p<0.001) and 15.85 ng/ml (IQR, 7.0–46.58 ng/ml; p<0.001) respectively (Figure 1). Here, CCL2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.