Increased fibrosis and inflammatoryresponse contributed to the maladaptive response to cardiac hypertrophy [24,25].Interestingly, in previous studies, ATF3 was found to negatively regulate IL-6 inmacrophages [26] and to mediate therepression of IL-6 transcription following heat-shock in mouse embryonic fibroblasts[27]. This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and cardiac hypertrophy.