Confirmed the previous report [16], we found that Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, which is involved in the maintenance of chronic AD, but not Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, which are predominant in the acute phase of AD, significantly induced the mRNA expression of IL-31RA in keratinocytes (Fig. 4C). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and Alzheimer disease.