IL1B and autoimmune disease: The recent discovery of Th17 plasticity toward a Th1 phenotype in the presence of an inflammatory environment is driving the scientific community to focus attention also to those Th1 highly present in many autoimmune diseases that have been so far considered protective rather than pathogenic; it is intriguing, that also a sub population of human Th1 cells expressing CD161 and deriving from Th17 (named “Th1 non-classic”) do express IL-1RI and most likely respond to IL-1β (Figure 1).