Interestingly, in models of autoimmune diseases, such as EAE and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the induction of the Th17 cells require the presence of a mixture of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that has been recently discovered to induce, via dectin-1 and TLR4, the release of IL-1β (35). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is autoimmune disease.