When experiments were conducted to discriminate the nature of ubiquitination, a similar result was observed with polyubiquitin specific FK-1 antibody where an intense smeary pattern resembling polyubiquitination was seen in control si-RNA treated KSHV infected cells similar to virus only infection (Unt), whereas negligible or no ubiquitination was observed in si-c-Cbl treated cells (Figure 9A, fourth panel, lanes 2 and 3 vs. lane 4). This evidence concerns the gene CBL and infection.