The expression of CD163 is upregulated by interleukin- 6 and glucocorticoids together with interleukin-10, and downregulated by LPS and interferon-γ. Membrane expression of CD163 on monocytes and neutrophilss could differentiate between patients with SIRS with sepsis and noninfectious SIRS [24]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.