APP and Dravet syndrome: Although the full significance of triplication of the APP gene in Alzheimer pathogenesis in DS is still under investigation, it is clear that there is a dramatic overexpression of the APP gene product in fetal DS [61], which is accompanied by a similarly dramatic increase in the levels of IL-1 and S100B [17], two neuroinflammation-promoting cytokines that are known to induce the overexpression of APP in vitro[21] and in vivo[23].