APP and Alzheimer disease: By analogy, without regard to the diversity of the source of neuronal stress, for example, traumatic brain injury [33], epilepsy [34-36], aging [37,38], or AIDS [39], the downstream consequence is increased risk for development of the neuropathological changes of AD marked by increased expression of neuronal APP [36,40], activation of glia, and neuroinflammatory cytokine expression [20].